semana del 20-24 febrero 2012

Opción A

The Chronicle of

In May 1886, Coca Cola was invented by John Pemberton, a pharmacist from Atlanta, who concocted (1) the formula in a brass kettle in his backyard. The name was suggested by his bookkeeper (2), Frank Robinson. Due to his excellent handwriting, it was he who first scripted Coca Cola into the flowing letters which have become the famous logo of today.

The soft drink was first sold to the public at the soda fountain in Jacob's Pharmacy in Atlanta, on May 8, 1886. About nine servings of the soft drink were sold each day. Sales for that first year added up to a total of about $50. The funny thing was that it cost Pemberton over $70 to produce it, so the first year of sales were a loss.

Until 1905, the soft drink, marketed as a tonic (3), contained extracts of cocaine as well as the caffeine-rich kola nut.

In 1887, another Atlanta pharmacist and businessman, Asa Candler, bought the formula for $2,300. By the late 1890s, Coca Cola was one of America's most popular fountain drinks, largely (4) due to Candler's aggressive marketing of the product. With him, the Coca Cola Company increased syrup sales by over 4000% between 1890 and 1900.

By the turn of the century, the drink was sold across the United States and Canada. Around the same time, the company began selling syrup to independent bottling companies licensed (5) to sell the drink. Even today, the US soft drink industry is organized on this principle.

PREGUNTAS (NO RESPONDER EN ESTA HOJA)

READ THE TEXT AND ANSWER THE FOLLOWING QUESTIONS. BE CAREFUL TO FOLLOW THE INSTRUCTIONS FOR EACH QUESTION.1. Link each of the words/expressions below with a word/expression in the column (as numbered in the text). Copy the correct pair of words on your answer sheet. [1 mark]

medicine to a great extent mixed allowed accountant

(1) concocted and ... (2) bookkeeper and ... (3) tonic and ... (4) largely and ...

(5) licensed and...

2. Reading comprehension 2.1. Choose the best option. Copy the complete correct option on your answer sheet. [0.75

marks]

a) John Pemberton, an Atlanta pharmacist, created and named Coca Cola. b) John Pemberton’s bookkeeper helped him name the drink and design its logo. c) The first Coca Cola bottle was available to the public on May 8, 1886. d) $50 were the benefits for the first year of Coca Cola sales in Atlanta, Georgia.

2.2. Choose the best option. Copy the complete correct option on your answer sheet. [0.75 marks]

a) From 1890 to 1900, 4000 servings of Coca Cola were sold in Atlanta, Georgia. b) Coca Cola is sold around the world, but it can only be bottled by US and Canadian licensed companies. c) It was not until the beginning of the 20th century that Coca Cola began to be sold in bottles. d) Although Coca Cola was invented in the US, the first bottles were sold in Canada at the beginning of the 20th century.

3. Complete the sentences using information from the text. Do not reproduce phrases from the text literally, unless this is unavoidable. [2 marks]

a) Frank Robinson, who ... b) It was not until May 8, 1886 ... c) From 1886 to 1905, ... d) Because of Candler’s aggressive marketing, Coca Cola ...

4. Complete each gap with one or more adequate words. Do not copy the complete text on your sheet, only letters (a), (b), (c), (d), (e), and (f) followed by the word(s) that you find suitable for the gap. [1.5 marks]

Death of the Soda Fountain and Rise of the Bottling Industry ___ the 1960s, everybody in the US enjoyed carbonated beverages ___ the local soda fountain or icecream saloon. In the drug store, the soda fountain counter served ___ a meeting place for people of ___ ages. The soda fountain declined in popularity as commercial ice cream, bottled soft drinks, and fast food restaurants ___ popular. Today, Coca Cola products are consumed at the rate of ___ than one billion drinks per day.

5. Was the selling of Coca Cola very successful in its first year? You are expected to draw information from the text, but please use your own words. (25-50 words) [2 marks]

6. Which is your favorite soft drink and in which occasions do you usually have it? Express your own ideas and use your own words. (25-50 words) [2 marks]

TEXTO 2

The Middle-Child Syndrome

Some studies have shown that children born in the middle display (1) low self-esteem, have adjustment problems, feel left out, and struggle (2) with direction, in childhood as well as later in life, more so than oldest or youngest siblings (3). This can be associated with the fact that these children are neither the first born, nor are they “the baby” of the family.

Moms and dads can do a number of things to help their child develop a powerful sense of identity. For example, having “special” days for each child; designating one day of the week as “Johnny’s day”, another as “Mary’s”, and so on. Giving children this individual attention lets them know they are special to you. On your child’s special day, allow her to choose what your family watches on TV, what you will all have for dinner, etc. Also, help your middle child find her own unique gifts (4) and talents. Children who have opportunities to excel (5) in any area will be much more likely to feel good about themselves and their place in the family, and in the world. Also, do not expect your middle child to like the same things your older child likes, or to shine in the same areas. Allow your middle child to be unique. Resist the temptation to compare children, or to encourage the middle child to be “like” an older brother or sister. Likewise, don’t allow your middle child to compare herself with older siblings either. Stress the idea that they aren’t in competition with each other.

PREGUNTAS (NO RESPONDER EN ESTA HOJA)

READ THE TEXT AND ANSWER THE FOLLOWING QUESTIONS. BE CAREFUL TO FOLLOW THE INSTRUCTIONS FOR EACH QUESTION.1. Link each of the words/expressions below with a word/expression in the column (as numbered in the text). Copy the correct pair of words on your answer sheet. [1 mark]

stand out

(1) display and ... (2) struggle and ... (3) sibling and ... (4) gift and ...

(5) excel and..brother or sister

show natural ability fight

2. Reading comprehension 2.1. Choose the best option. Copy the complete correct option on your answer sheet. [0.75

marks]. According to the text,

a) children who are born second usually have problems to find their place in their families and in the world. b) in large families, the youngest siblings do not have difficulties to find their place in the family or in the world.

c) in families with three or more children, the child born in the middle can have problems to find his/her place in the family. d) in large families, first-borns have the most difficulties to find their place in the family.

2.2. Choose the best option. Copy the complete correct option on your answer sheet. [0.75 marks]. To help children develop their own identity, parents...

a) ... should allow them to decide what the family watches on TV or what they eat at home. b) ... should make it clear that they do not expect the younger children to be like their older siblings. c) ... should encourage the oldest children to transmit their younger siblings their gifts and talents. d) ... should encourage the youngest children to take their oldest sibling(s) as an example to follow.

3. Complete the sentences using information from the text. Do not reproduce phrases from the text literally, unless this is unavoidable. [2 marks]

a) Oldest or youngest children in a family ... b) Parents can do ... c) Children who can shine ... d) Above all, try not ...

4. Complete each gap with one or more adequate words. Do not copy the complete text on your sheet, only letters (a), (b), (c), (d), (e), and (f) followed by the word(s) that you find suitable for the gap. [1.5 marks]

Praise your middle child ___ (a) the things she does well. Look for the things that make her different ___ (b) her brothers and sisters and encourage her in those areas. Spend at least an ___ (c) a week with each of your children. Take that child to the park or to a movie: the activity you choose ___ (d) matter as much as the fact that you are spending one-to-one time with that ___ (e). Finally, don’t confront children with each other in races, sports ___ (f) other games that encourage competitiveness.

5. Why do middle children have more difficulties to find their place in the family? You are expected to draw information from the text, but please use your own words. (25-50 words) [2 marks]

6. Explain the advantages of being an only-child or the oldest child in the family. Express your own ideas and use your own words. (25-50 words) [2 marks]