TENSES: todos los tiempos por separado

PRESENT SIMPLE


Present simple and present continuous



Present simple
We use the present simple to talk about:
· regular habits and routines.
We usually go rollerblading at the weekend.
· permanent situations.
David lives in Manchester.
· scientific facts.
Water boils at 100˚C.
· states, not actions, e.g. like, believe, know.
She doesn’t like chorizo.
Present continuous
We use the present continuous to talk about:
· something that is happening now or
‘around now’.
They’re playing tennis at the moment.
· temporary situations.
He’s visiting his grandparents in Ibiza.
· changing or developing situations.
The number of car accidents every year
is increasing.
· future arrangements.
She’s going to the cinema this evening.


1 Complete the sentences. Use the correct form of the present simple or the present continuous.

1 At the moment Linda ……………… (work) as a motorcycle courier.
2 Tom ……………… often ………………
(not go) to the Cyber café.
3 Excuse me. ……………… you ……………… (know) how to get to Church Street?
4 What ……………… you ………………
(listen to)?
5 Juan ……………… (work) for the Iberia airline. He’s a pilot.
6 In the summer, the sun ……………… (rise) at five o’clock in the morning.
7 I ……………… (not like) my gym. I
……………… (not get) fit fast enough!
8 Tom and I ……………… (go) to the beach this weekend.






2 Complete the text. Use the correct form of the present simple or present continuous.

It’s the year 2100. Ben 1……………… (be) a
computer programmer and he 2………………
(live) on the moon. Every day at 18.00 he
3……………… (finish) work at the space station
and 4……………… (go) to the Matrix café.
It’s 18.30 and Ben 5……………… (look out)
of the café window at the space cars flying by.
Every day he 6……………… (watch) the
same space cars, but today is different. Ben
7……………… (not sit) alone. There
8……………… (be) a girl at his table. She
9……………… (read) a digital magazine. The
girl is very beautiful. She 10………………
(have got) short, orange hair and yellow eyes.
She 11……………… (wear) a green space suit.
‘12……………… I ……………… (know)
you?’ she asks.
‘I 13……………… (not think) so,’ says Ben.
‘I’m Ben. What’s your name?’


3 Write the questions. Use the present simple or the present continuous. Then answer the questions.

1 What / you / do / next weekend?
………………………………………………
………………………………………………
………………………………………………
2 How often / you / go / to the cinema?
………………………………………………
………………………………………………
………………………………………………
3 What time / you / usually / get up?
………………………………………………
………………………………………………
………………………………………………
4 What / you / wear / today?
………………………………………………
………………………………………………
………………………………………………
PRESENT PERFECT AND PAST SIMPLE



Present perfect simple
We use the present perfect simple:
· to talk about an experience in somebody’s life. (We don’t say when it happened.)
He’s had a mobile phone for a long time.
· with for and since to talk about an action that started in the past and continues to the present.
Tim’s known Kate since he was ten.
· with just, yet and already for a past action with a result in the present.
I’ve just bought a new mountain bike.
Past simple
We use the past simple to talk about a finished action that happened at a definite time in the past.
We saw John at the weekend.


1 Choose the correct words.

1 They’ve already / yet visited Venice.
2 Have you ever / never seen a ghost?
3 Has she finished work just / yet?
4 They’ve been married for / since October.
5 Lucy has worked in the circus since / for she was a child.
6 David has just / yet got back from holiday.


2 Complete the newspaper extracts. Use the correct form of the present perfect simple or the past simple.

Last night a massive tidal wave 1……………… (hit) the coast of Mexico. Over 5,000 people 2……………… (already / lose) their homes.


Yesterday a girl 3……………… (hand in) a briefcase containing £100,000 to the police. The girl found the briefcase at Euston railway station.


The cost of living in Britain 4……………… (rise) again. Last year prices in British supermarkets 5……………… (increase) by more than five per cent.



3 Complete the text. Use the correct form of the present perfect simple or the past simple.

1…………… you …………… (ever / dream) of being a film star? Leonardo DiCaprio was only five years old when he 2………….… (star) in his first TV show, and just thirteen when he 3……………… (appear) in his first film. Since then he 4……………… (not stop) working. He 5……………… (be) in over fifteen films and he 6……………… (work) with stars such as Robert De Niro and Johnny Depp.
Leonardo 7……………… (be) born in Los
Angeles in 1974. After appearing in TV shows,
he 8……………… (get) his first film role in
Critters 3, then he starred in Romeo and Juliet.
But it 9……………… (not be) until Titanic that
he 10……………… (become) a world-famous
teen idol. It was then that Leonardo
11……………… (begin) to appear on magazine
covers around the world.
Since Titanic, Leonardo 12……………… (be)
very busy. He 13……………… (already / make)
three more films and 14…………… (just / start) work on another.


4 Write questions about Leonardo. Use the present perfect simple or the past simple.

1 How old / when / first appear / on TV?
………………………………………………
………………………………………………
2 ever / meet / Robert De Niro?
………………………………………………
………………………………………………
3 How long / be / an actor?
………………………………………………
………………………………………………
4 famous / before Titanic?
………………………………………………
………………………………………………
5 How many / films / make / since Titanic?
………………………………………………
………………………………………………

FUTURE SIMPLE AD CONTINUOUS


Future perfect simple and future continuous



Future perfect simple and future continuous
Use
We use the future perfect simple to talk about an activity that will be finished by a specific time in the future.
They‘ll have finished building the bridge by
next January.
We use the future continuous to talk about an activity that will be in progress at a specific time in the future.
This time next week I’ll be flying to Rome.

Form
Future perfect simple: we use will + have + past participle.
I’ll have finished my homework in an hour.
Future continuous: we use will + be + the -ing form of the verb.
In an hour, I’ll be getting ready to go out.


1 Complete the sentences. Use the correct form of the future perfect simple or the future continuous.

1 This time next week we ……………… (ski) in the French Alps.
2 Greg is taking a year off to travel. By the end of next year he ……………… (visit) seven countries.
3 ‘What will you be doing this time tomorrow?’
‘I ……………… (take) my English exam.’
4 Don’t come round at six o’clock. I
……………… (still / do) my homework.
If you want to come round at seven, you can.
I ……………… (finish) it by then.
5 Jill has accepted a job abroad. This time next
month she ……………… (work) in Paris.
6 Next year, I ……………… (live) in this house for ten years.


2 Complete the text. Use the correct form of the future perfect simple or the future continuous.

What 1……………… we ……………… (do)
in a hundred years’ time? According to NASA Scientists we 2……………… (travel) in outer space. By the twenty-second century man 3……………… (develop) a quick way of getting to the stars, and the
first long-distance spaceships 4……………… (leave) Earth.

However, these spaceships won’t be the first to explore outer space. Other spaceships 5……………… (already / voyage) into
the unknown. In fact, the first unmanned ship, Pioneer 10, was launched in 1972. Pioneer 10 will be in space for thousands of years, and in 32,000 years’
time it will pass a star called Ross 248.

By the time Pioneer 10 gets there, man 6……………… (already / reach) Ross 248 and 7……………… (colonize) the planets around it. What 8……………… these humans ……………… (do) when Pioneer 10 passes by? Will they remember that it was the first spaceship to venture into outer space?


3 Complete the sentences with your own ideas.

1 This time tomorrow I’ll be …………………
………………………………………………
2 By next weekend I’ll have …………………
………………………………………………
3 In six months’ time I’ll be …………………
………………………………………………
4 By the end of this year I’ll have ……………
………………………………………………
5 In three years’ time I’ll be …………………
………………………………………………

PAST SIMPLE AND CONTINUOUS


Past simple and past continuous



Past simple
We use the past simple to talk about a finished action in the past.
Mark went to the cinema last night.
Past continuous
We use the past continuous to talk about:
· an action which was in progress at a particular time
in the past.
They were watching TV at nine o’clock last night.
· an action in the past that is interrupted by another
action
I was walking along the street when someone stole my bag.


1 Choose the correct tenses.

It was one o’clock in the morning and I 1 was lying / lay awake in bed. The wind 2 was blowing / blew outside and it 3 rained / was raining. Suddenly I 4 heard / was hearing a loud crash. It 5 came / was coming from downstairs. I 6 got up / was getting up and 7 switched on / was switching on the light. Everything was quiet and still. Only the clock in the hallway 8 was ticking / ticked. I 9 walked / was walking down the stairs when I 10 noticed / was noticing something strange. The front door was wide open.


2 Complete the sentences. Use the correct form of the past simple or the past continuous.

1 Peter ……………… (drive) home when he ……………… (see) the accident.
2 I ……………… (watch) TV when the phone
……………… (ring).
3 He ……………… (wear) sunglasses when I
……………… (meet) him.
4 She ……………… (fall) asleep while she
……………… (do) her homework.
5 The pop star ……………… (sing) when the
lights ……………… (go out).
6 It ……………… (start) to rain when we
……………… (walk) on the beach.




3 Complete the text. Use the correct form of the past simple or the past continuous.

At midnight last night rescue teams
1……………… (search) for victims after a giant tornado 2……………… (hit) Oklahoma and Kansas. The storm flattened more than 5,000 homes and 3……………… (injure) more than 700 people.
Robert Hensley 4……………… (hide) in his cellar when the tornado 5……………… (destroy) his home. ‘I 6……………… (not come out) until two hours later,’ he said, ‘My house was gone and I 7……………… (not recognize) the street.’
Mary Richardson 8……………… (have) a bath when she 9……………… (hear) the tornado. She quickly 10……………… (put on) a coat and 11……………… (escape) to the local high school. ‘I 12……………… (run) to the school when the tornado 3………………
(strike) my house,’ she said. ‘It 14……………… (be) a very frightening experience.’


4 Write the questions. Use the past simple or the past continuous.

1 What / the rescue teams / do at midnight?
………………………………………………
………………………………………………
2 How many / homes / the storm / destroy?
………………………………………………
………………………………………………
3 Where / Robert Hensley / hide / when the tornado hit his home?
………………………………………………
………………………………………………
4 When / he / come out?
………………………………………………
………………………………………………
5 Who / have a bath / when the
tornado arrived?
………………………………………………
………………………………………………
PREPOSITIONS OF TIME


Prepositions of time: for, since, ago, during, by, until



Prepositions of time:
for, since, ago, during, by, until
We use for and since to say how long something continues. We use for + a period of time, and since + a point of time.
She’s been learning English for three months.
He’s lived in London since 1998.
We use ago to talk about a point of time in
the past.
They got married two years ago.
We use during to say that something happens in the middle of a certain period or event.
Sue fainted during the pop concert.
We use by to say ‘not later than’.
‘You must finish your homework by Friday,’ said the teacher.
We use until to say how long something continues and when it finishes.
Tom stayed out until one o’clock in the morning.


1 Complete the sentences with for, since or ago.

1 He’s been a computer programmer ……………… he left school.
2 They hadn’t seen each other ……………… many years.
3 Man first walked on the moon over thirty
years ……………… .
4 The pop concert went on ………………
three hours.
5 Paul visited his relatives in Australia a couple
of years ……………… .


2 Complete the sentences with for or during.

1 Graham has been travelling around Europe
……………… three months.
2 Three people were arrested ……………… the student demonstration.
3 I fell asleep ……………… a flight to New York. When I woke up the plane had landed.
4 Clare waited for Greg at the café
……………… over an hour.
5 Mark is visiting his parents next weekend.
He hasn’t seen them ……………… a while.



3 Complete the sentences with by or until.

1 The football match won’t begin ……………… eight o’clock.
2 ……………… 2004, everyone will be using the Internet.
3 Fiona didn’t stop reading ……………… she had finished the book.
4 I have to be at the train station ……………… 6.30 p.m.
5 Tim had to finish the painting ……………… the end of the week.
6 My parents are away ……………… next week. Why don’t we have a party?
7 I’ll be 21 in the year 2006. ……………… then I’ll probably have a job, and I may even be married!
8 I can’t come out ……………… I finished writing this essay.


4 Complete the newspaper extracts with for, since, ago, during, by and until.

Cinema is celebrating another birthday. Exactly 105 years 1……………… , the Lumière brothers opened the first cinema in Paris. 2……………… then, cinema has become the most popular entertainment in the world.


An earthquake hit Tokyo 3……………… the early hours of this morning. It is the first earthquake 4……………… several years and has caused millions of pounds worth of damage.


5……………… the year 2012, the Hilton Group plans to open a hotel on the moon. A holiday there could cost up to £30,000. Experts say that 6……………… there is a cheaper way of getting there, most of the rooms will be empty.

WILL, GOING TO OR PRESENT CONTINUOUS


will, going to and present continuous



will
We use will to talk about:
· general predictions.
By 2100, most people will live to 130.
· decisions that are made at the moment of speaking (e.g. an offer to do something).
A: Is that the telephone?
B: Yes, it is. I’ll answer it.
going to
We use going to to talk about:
· predictions based on evidence.
Look at that car! It’s going to crash!
· intentions, or plans, where the decision has been made before the moment of speaking.
He’s going to study English at Oxford.
Present continuous
We use the present continuous to talk about future arrangements. We often give the time and / or place.
I’m meeting Anna in town tomorrow.


1 Complete the conversations. Use the correct form of will or going to.

1 ‘I’ve decided to go to university.’
‘Really? Which subject ……………… you
……………… (study)?’
2 ‘Do you think that computers ……………… (control) our lives in the future?’
‘No, of course not!’
3 ‘Why are you wearing a tracksuit?’
‘I ……………… (play) tennis in the park
with David.’
4 ‘It’s very cold in here.’
‘Yes, you’re right. I ……………… (close)
the window.’
5 ‘That woman looks very pale.’
‘Yes, I think she ……………… (faint).’
6 ‘Why are you turning on the radio?’
‘I ……………… (listen) to the news.’
7 ‘I can’t work out this maths problem.’
‘I ……………… (help) you with it.’
2 Choose the correct tenses.

1 In a hundred years time I think people will live / are living on the moon.
2 Who are you meeting / will you meet this evening?
3 ‘What are you going to wear for the party?’
‘I haven’t decided yet. Maybe I’ll wear / I’m wearing my new jeans.’
4 Greg passed his driving test last week. He told me he’s going to buy / he’ll buy a car.
5 I feel terrible. I think I’ll be / I’m going to be sick.
6 ‘Where are you going for your summer holidays?’
‘I don’t know yet. Perhaps I’ll go / I’m going to go to Torremolinos.’


3 Choose the correct tenses.

Hi Pablo!
How are you? A lot has happened since I last wrote. The good news is that I’ve passed all my exams, and 1 I’ll start / I’m starting university in September. 2 I’m going to study / I’ll study Spanish and Catalan at Middlesex University in London, so 3 I’ll be able to / I’m being able to write e-mails in Catalan soon!
I’ve also got a new boyfriend called Matthew. He’s a year older than me and he’s really nice. Next week 4 we’ll go / we’re going to a Blur concert in Manchester. Matthew queued for six hours for the tickets!
Unfortunately 5 I’m not seeing / I won’t see Matthew very often after I start university. 6 I’ll probably find / I’m probably finding a flat in London, and 7 he’ll definitely stay / he’s definitely going to stay in Manchester. But 8 we’re seeing / we’ll see each other at weekends. 9 Are you coming / Will you come and visit me in London? I hope so.
Love,
Clare

PRESENT PERFEC CONTINUOUS


Present perfect continuous



Present perfect continuous
Affirmative: we use have/has + been + the -ing form of the verb.
He’s been writing letters all morning.
Negative: we use haven’t/hasn’t + been + the
-ing form of the verb.
We haven’t been reading much lately.
Interrogative: we put have/has before the
subject + been + the -ing form of the verb.

You look hot! Have you been running?


1 Complete the conversations with the correct form of the present perfect continuous.

1 ‘How long ……………… he ……………… (play) that computer game?’
‘Since ten o’clock this morning!’
2 ‘You look dirty!’
‘I ……………… (repair) my motorbike.’
3 ‘Frank has got a black eye.’
‘……………… he ………………
(fight) again?’
4 ‘Why is she crying?’
‘She ……………… (watch) a sad film.’
5 ‘Mary looks tired.’
‘Yes. She ……………… (revise) all night for her exams.’
6 ‘I’ve been here since one o’clock. What
……………… you ……………… (do)?’
‘I ……………… (look for) you!’




Present perfect simple

We use the present perfect simple to emphasize:

· the result of an activity (not the activity itself).
We’ve written ten letters today.

· how many times an activity happens.
I’ve read this book three times.

Present perfect continuous
We use the present perfect continuous
to emphasize:
· the process of an activity.
We’ve been writing letters since breakfast.
· how long an activity continues.
I’ve been reading all morning.


2 Choose the correct tenses.

1 Steven Spielberg has directed / has been directing over twenty films since 1980.
2 He has worked on / has been working on a new film since January.
3 John Galliano has designed / has been designing clothes for a long time.
4 He has designed / has been designing two new collections since last summer.
5 Lonely Planet have published / have been publishing two new travel guides this month.
6 They have published / have been publishing travel guides for years.


3 Complete the text. Use the correct form
of the present perfect simple or the present perfect continuous.

Ever since he was a teenager Alex Whitestone
1……………… (want) to travel. This year he
decided to do it. Alex gave up his job as a
journalist in July, and since then he
2……………… (travel) around the world. So far
he 3……………… (visit) four different countries.
At the moment Alex is in Bangkok, in
Thailand. He 4……………… (already / be)
there for five days. ‘I 5……………… (never / be)
to Asia before, so it was my first stop,’ he
explains.
So 6……………… he ……………… (buy) any
souvenirs yet? ‘Not yet,’ says Alex.
And what about the food? ‘It’s great! I
7……………… (eat) a lot of rice and fish,’ he says.
During his travels Alex 8……………… (meet)
many other tourists. ‘I 9……………… (made)
some new friends,’ he says, ‘and we
10……………… (exchange) advice about where
to go and what to see. I 11……………… (also / write) a travel guide, but I 12……………… (not finish) it yet!’

PAST SIMPLE AND PAST CONTINUOUS


Past simple and past continuous



Past simple
We use the past simple to talk about a finished action in the past.
Mark went to the cinema last night.
Past continuous
We use the past continuous to talk about:
· an action which was in progress at a particular time
in the past.
They were watching TV at nine o’clock last night.
· an action in the past that is interrupted by another
action
I was walking along the street when someone stole my bag.


1 Choose the correct tenses.

It was one o’clock in the morning and I 1 was lying / lay awake in bed. The wind 2 was blowing / blew outside and it 3 rained / was raining. Suddenly I 4 heard / was hearing a loud crash. It 5 came / was coming from downstairs. I 6 got up / was getting up and 7 switched on / was switching on the light. Everything was quiet and still. Only the clock in the hallway 8 was ticking / ticked. I 9 walked / was walking down the stairs when I 10 noticed / was noticing something strange. The front door was wide open.


2 Complete the sentences. Use the correct form of the past simple or the past continuous.

1 Peter ……………… (drive) home when he ……………… (see) the accident.
2 I ……………… (watch) TV when the phone
……………… (ring).
3 He ……………… (wear) sunglasses when I
……………… (meet) him.
4 She ……………… (fall) asleep while she
……………… (do) her homework.
5 The pop star ……………… (sing) when the
lights ……………… (go out).
6 It ……………… (start) to rain when we
……………… (walk) on the beach.




3 Complete the text. Use the correct form of the past simple or the past continuous.

At midnight last night rescue teams
1……………… (search) for victims after a giant tornado 2……………… (hit) Oklahoma and Kansas. The storm flattened more than 5,000 homes and 3……………… (injure) more than 700 people.
Robert Hensley 4……………… (hide) in his cellar when the tornado 5……………… (destroy) his home. ‘I 6……………… (not come out) until two hours later,’ he said, ‘My house was gone and I 7……………… (not recognize) the street.’
Mary Richardson 8……………… (have) a bath when she 9……………… (hear) the tornado. She quickly 10……………… (put on) a coat and 11……………… (escape) to the local high school. ‘I 12……………… (run) to the school when the tornado 3………………
(strike) my house,’ she said. ‘It 14……………… (be) a very frightening experience.’


4 Write the questions. Use the past simple or the past continuous.

1 What / the rescue teams / do at midnight?
………………………………………………
………………………………………………
2 How many / homes / the storm / destroy?
………………………………………………
………………………………………………
3 Where / Robert Hensley / hide / when the tornado hit his home?
………………………………………………
………………………………………………
4 When / he / come out?
………………………………………………
………………………………………………
5 Who / have a bath / when the
tornado arrived?
………………………………………………
………………………………………………